DBQ

Unit 6 DBQ Analyzer In your response, you will be assessed on the following. Respond to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis or claim that establishes a line of reasoning. Describe a broader historical context relevant to the prompt. Support an argument in response to the prompt using all but one of the documents. Use at least one additional piece of specific historical evidence (beyond that found in the documents) relevant to an argument about the prompt. For at least three documents, explain how or why the document’s point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience is relevant to an argument. Use evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the prompt. Evaluate the extent to which industrialization impacted imperial expansion from 1800-1900

Document 1 Source: Letter addressed to Queen Victoria, from Lin Zexu, Chinese government commissioner sent to Canton to halt British importation of opium, 1839.

I have heard that you are a kind, compassionate monarch. I am sure that you will not do to others what you yourself would not desire. I have also heard that you have instructed every British ship that sails for Canton not to bring any goods to China. The fact that British ships have continued to bring opium to China results perhaps from the impossibility of making a thorough inspection of all of them owing to their large numbers.

I have also heard that the areas under your direct jurisdiction such as London, Scotland, and Ireland do not produce opium; it is produced instead in your Indian possessions such as Bengal, Madras, Patna, and Malwa. In these possessions the English people not only plant opium poppies that grow from one mountain to another but also but also open factories to manufacture this terrible drug.

May you as a ruler check your wicked and sift your vicious people before they come to China, in order to guarantee the peace of your nation, to show further the sincerity of your politeness and submissiveness, and to let the two countries enjoy togethers the blessings of peace.

Describe the doc: Lin Zexu is petitioning to the British monarch to stop the shipping of opium into China as it causes addiction and economic struggle within China.

Evidence that supports prompt: The industrialized factories in India and nearby states around China supplied the Opium the British used into infiltrating the Chinese market and economy

Analysis of Evidence:This shows that industrialization impacted imperial expansion as factories are being used by the British to produce opium, to produce products that will expand into the Chinese economy and influence it. These factories are used to ship Opium.

Explain the doc: The point of view of the author is relevant as he is a commissioner that relies on the strength of the Chinese economy as well as the government, therefore, his relieance is pushing against the British monarch from shipping opium, which causes addiction and large damage to the Chinese society, could mean that he would lose his job or worse if not contained.

 Document 2

Source: Does Germany Need Colonies? A Political-Economic Reflection, by Friedrich Fabri, 1879.

It would… be advisable for us Germans to learn from the colonial of our Anglo-Saxon cousins and begin to emulate them in peaceful competition. When, centuries ago, the German Reich stood at the head of the States of Europe, it was the foremost trading and seagoing power. If the new German Reich wishes to entrench and preserve its regained power for long years to come, then it must regard that power as a cultural mission and must no longer hesitate to resume its colonizing vocation also.

Describe the doc: A German political/social analyst is arguing for Germany to begin colonizing to get power like their English and French country rivals.

Evidence that supports prompt: This shows that industrialization pushed imperial expansion because Germany is a newly united nation that utilized industrial output to unite as well as expand.

Analysis of Evidence: This shows the industrialization facilitated imperial expansion as Germany's newly united Blood and Steel policies involved rapid industrialization to catch up with Britain, France, and nearby states. This catching up also contained aspects of colonialism as Morocco and much of Africa have already been colonized and seen as a power aspect.

Explain the doc: The purpose of the document is to push the German government to gain and maintain colonies to become along the other European states in power as colonies defined power in this time period 1750-1900. This is likely inspired by nationalist pride for their country to be powerful.

Document 3

Source: Speech to the French Chamber of Deputies, by Jules Ferry, 1884

In the area of economics, I am placing before you, with the support of some statistics, the considerations that justify the policy of colonial expansion, as seen from the perspective of a need, felt more and more urgently by the industrialized population of Europe and especially the people of our rich and hardworking country of France: the need for outlets [for export]... Next door Germany is setting up trade barriers; because across the ocean in the United States of America have become protectionists, and extreme protectionists at that; because not only are these great markets… shrinking, becoming more and more difficult to access, but these great states are beginning to pour into our markets products not seen there before… Today, as you know, competition, the law of supply and demand, freedom of trade, the effects of speculation, all radiate in a circle that reaches to the ends of the earth.

Describe the doc: In a speech to the French Chamber of Deputies, Ferry argues that the French people, already industrialized and facing the conditions around them of protectionist policies for foreign markets, France has to focus on their own expansion of colonies to maintain France's industrial output.

Evidence that supports prompt: Industry is a large motivation and rationale here to justify and push colonialism as the foreign markets have been closing and shrinking, therefore, France needs to rely on themselves to maintain that industrial natural materials by expanding colonially.

Analysis of Evidence: This shows industrialism impacting colonialism/imperial expansion as industrialism is argued to the French deputies to be the main rationale for colonialism- in which France needs to maintain economic competition by acquiring colonies of their own with natural materials they can exploit.

Explain the doc: The historical situation of this speech was made after the major European states have all industrialized- Germany, France, Britain and in a competitive rivalry, states sought to outcompete each other in acquiring colonies, and exploiting them economically. This speech was made in a time of competetion of colonies in Africa more specifically and designed to push colonialism.

Document 4

Source: Cartoon “School of Civilization” from the Italian magazine Il Fischietto, 1886.

Describe the doc: A group of elite-dressed Europeans with symbolizing dresses of the different European cultures seem to be reprimanding and has batons to enforce a "civilzing school" as the title describes of a gorup of colored children, with distinct features that symbolize the colonized states like India, African nations,

Evidence that supports prompt: The evidence is the Euroepan colonization limiting the impact of industrialism on colonialization- in which industrialism was not as big of a role in European imperialism compared to moral philosophies to educate the uncultured, or non-Europeans.

Analysis of Evidence: This shows that European imperial expanion was not that impacted by industrialism as the cartoon and its caption depicts that moral philosophies like Social Darwinism and white man's burden is the real inspiration for colonialism, needing to civilize the uncivilize being the white man's burden.

Explain the doc: The cartoon's target audience is the Italian public because this cartoon was published in a magazine, designed to be seen by many people. This cartoon likely targeted the audience to support the government's imperial expansion because the cartoon depicted Europeans as civilizing and formal while the colonized as visibly derogatory and uncivilzied.

Document 5

Source: Dadabhai Naoroji, an early Indian political and social leader, 1887

To sum up the whole, the British rule has been: morally, a great blessing; politically, peace and order on one hand, blunders on the other; materially, impoverishment, relieved as far as the railway and other loans go. The natives call the British system “Sakar ki Churi,” the knife of sugar. That is to say, there is no oppression, it is all smooth and sweet, buti is the knife, notwithstanding. I mention this that you should know these feelings. Our great misfortune is that you do not know our wants. When you know our real wishes, I have not the least doubt that you would do justice. The genius and spirit of the British people is fair play and justice.

Describe the doc: An Indian political leader, Naoroji, is complimenting the British colonial rule, although addressing some blunders in their occupation in which as long as industry is seen (railroads) the problems don't exist.

Evidence that supports prompt: This shows that industrialism is impacting imperial expansion as in this case, the railroads and other infastructure associated with industrialism eliminated the ills with colonialism and that impoverishnent and IMPROVED colonial life for its subjects.

Analysis of Evidence: This shows that industrialism postively impacted the imperial expansion of Britain onto India because this Indian politician complains of burdens of colonialism like malnutrition only being present outside of British industry in India, past the railroads.

Explain the doc: The target audience of Naoriji complimenting the British rule in their help within their industrial bounds is the British colonial leaders to establish more industry in India, particulary Naoriji's region, so that the Indian people can benefit from the relief from improverishment and material.

Document 6

Source: A proclamation of Chinese rebels during the Boxer Rebellion against European imperialism, 1900.

When all the military accomplishments or tactics Are fully learned It will not be difficult to exterminate the “Foreign Devils” then.

Push aside the railway tracks, Pull out the telephone lines, Immediately after this destroy the steam[ships].

The great France Will grow cold and downhearted. The English and the Russians will certainly disperse. Let the various “Foreign Devils” all be killed. May the whole Elegant Empire of the great Qing Dynasty be ever prosperous.

Describe the doc: Chinese rebels in the Boxer Rebellion against European imperiaism are describing their plans after killing the encroachers, being removing all signs of European influence which prominently includes industrial infastructure- railways, telephone lines, and steamships.

Evidence that supports prompt: This shows that industrialim facicilitated negative responses by the colonized in China, in which the "foreign devils" that are encroaching have used their infastructure to oppress the Chinese, the railways, telephone lines, and steamships

Analysis of Evidence: This shows that the industrialism of Europeans helped facilitate imperial expansion as the infastructure of industrialism are the first targetted of anti-colonial groups like the Boxer Rebellion- showing that these infastructure played a large role in imperial expansion.

Explain the doc: The purpose of the proclamation of Chinese rebels is to invoke emotion within the Chinese people that symphasized with the anti-foreign cause as well as outline a basic course of action for the rebels, attack the foreigners and destroy their infastructure.

Document 7

Source: “Poor, wicked nineteenth century- Farewell!” by Wilfred Blunt, English poet and writer, 1900.

22nd Dec., 1900. The old century is very nearly out, and leaves the world in a pretty pass, and the British Empire Who's playing the devil in it as never and Empire before on so large a scale… all the nations of Europe are making the same hell upon earth in China, massacring and pillaging and raping in the captured cities as outrageously as in the Middle Ages. The Emperor of Germany gives the word for slaughter and the Pope looks on and approves. In South Africa our troops are burning farms under Kitchener's command… the Americans are spending fifty millions a year on slaughtering the Filipinos; the king of the Belgians has invested his whole fortune on the Congo, and he is brutalizing the Negroes to fill his pockets… the whole right race is reveling openly in violence, as though it had never pretended to be Christian. God's equal curse and bey on them all! So ends the famous nineteenth-century into which we were so proud to have been born.

Describe the doc: Blunt, an English poet is critcizing colonialism across the world by the Europeans- justified by Christiantiy and the civilizing mission, but in reality it's the colonizers that are truly the animals.

Evidence that supports prompt: Here, colonialism is being compared to the slaughter and pillage of the Middle Ages, where rape, murder, and slaughter is rampant, where industrialism is not mentioned as a contributor to colonialism but rather Christianity and the concept of the civilizing mission.

Analysis of Evidence: This shows a limitation on how industrialism impacted imperial expansion as here, Christianity and the civilizing mission seems to be the main cause and motivation for colonialism- justifying the Germans conquest as well as other European states.

Explain the doc: The author's purpose is to both inform and persuade the English citizens about the evils of colonialism and to build public pressure against lawmakers that facilitated colonialism. The author wants to let the public know of the various "civilized" nations like the U.S that also conquer and murder natives.

Contextualization: Describe a broader historical context relevant to the prompt In the time period 1800-1900, due to a competetive rivalry between Britain and other European nations, the entire European continent industrialized to a extent; which further bolstered nationalistic pride and urge to compete with colony acquistion with technologies that allowed nations to expand into the interior farther than before like malaria treatment, railroads, steamships, and advanced gunpowder weapons. Paired with moral philosophies like Social Darwinism, the White Man's Burden, and the Civilizng Mission, European states began imperially expanding.

Additional evidence not provided by the documents and how it is relevant to the prompt. The colonization attempts upon Tokugawa Japan is also justified by the U.S and the European need for markets to purchase industrial output- the forced opening of the Japanese border was to extract silver from Japanese markets and for U.S industrial goods like boots to be bought in a foreign market.

Thesis Claim that answers all aspects of the prompt and establishes a line of reasoning.

Industrialism was a large contributing factor that impacted imperial expansion by allowing states to colonize the interior as well as provide natural resources for the industry, however, to a lesser extent, moral philosphy was also a contributing factor to imperial expansion as racist ideas like Social Darwinsm and the White Man's Burden pushed states to colonize African and Southeast Asian nations to "civilize" them.