Descriptive or definition is a type of informational/factual text that presents observations about the characteristics of someone or something. It serves to describe and is grounded in matters of observation or experience. Examples of descriptive or definition text include textbooks, encyclopedias, newspapers, magazines, diaries


According to Merriam-Webster, descriptive means presenting observations about the characteristics of someone or something: serving to describe Cambridge Dictionary defines it as describing something, especially in a detailed, interesting way Britannica Dictionary defines it as giving information about how something or someone looks, sounds, etc.: using words to describe what something or someone is like






Sequence/Time 


is a type of informational/factual text that presents a series of events or steps in a particular order. It is used to explain how to do something or how something works. Examples of sequence/time text include recipes, textbooks, magazines, 


According to Cambridge Dictionary, sequence means a series of related things or events, or the order in which they follow each other Collins English Dictionary defines it as an arrangement of two or more things in a successive order  Merriam-Webster defines it as an arrangement of the tenses of successive verbs in a sentence designed to express a coherent relationship especially between main and subordinate parts 




Cause and effect

is a type of informational/factual text that explains the relationship between events or actions where one event, the cause, leads to another event, the effect. It is used to describe how one event or action triggers an outcome. Examples of cause and effect text include science and social science textbooks, newspapers, encyclopedias

According to ProWritingAid, cause and effect is a relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the result of the other or others. A cause is an action, and the effect is the resulting reaction. In the cause and effect relationship, one or more things happen as a result of something else. A cause instigates an effect. An effect is a condition, occurrence, or result generated by one or more causes. Effects are outcomes 


Here are some examples of cause and effect relationships:

Cause: Heavy rainfall. Effect: Flooding.
Cause: Lack of sleep. Effect: Poor concentration.
Cause: Smoking. Effect: Lung cancer.
Cause: Eating too much junk food. Effect: Obesity.
Cause: Global warming. Effect: Melting of glaciers.





Problem-Solution

is a type of informational/factual text that presents a problem and proposes one or more solutions. It is used to analyze and write about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solutions. Examples of problem-solution text include science and social science textbooks, newspapers, encyclopedias

According to ThoughtCo, a problem-solution essay is a type of argument that involves argumentation in that the writer seeks to convince the reader to take a particular course of action. In explaining the problem, it may also need to persuade the reader concerning specific causes. The thesis statement in a problem-solution paper differs from a straight “report of findings” type of text. These essays have two parts: a full explanation of the nature of the problem, followed by an analysis of solutions and their likelihood of success 

Here are some examples of problem-solution relationships:

Problem: Pollution. Solution: Recycling.
Problem: Traffic congestion. Solution: Carpooling.
Problem: Obesity. Solution: Exercise and healthy eating.
Problem: Homelessness. Solution: Affordable housing



Comparison-Contrast

 is a type of informational/factual text that presents similarities and differences between two or more subjects. It is used to analyze and write about a topic by identifying similarities and differences between two or more subjects. Examples of comparison-contrast text include science and social science textbooks, newspapers, encyclopedias

Here are some examples of comparison-contrast relationships:

Comparison: Apples and oranges. Contrast: Apples are red or green, while oranges are orange.
Comparison: Dogs and cats. Contrast: Dogs are pack animals, while cats are more solitary by nature.
Comparison: Renaissance art and Baroque art. Contrast: Renaissance art is more realistic and focused on symmetry, while Baroque art is more dramatic and focused on movement.