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Lesson Day 3 - Grammar

Grammar Focus : Articles and Nouns

***** Grammar • is set of instruction for any given language that guides and regulates its usage • It is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves in a particular language • It influences the meaning of a message

Grammar Conventions • Nouns • Articles

***** Nouns • Are the words that name people, places, organizations, and things. Style and grammar support how people interpret nouns in content.

Types of Nouns • Proper noun • Common noun ▼ Concrete ▼ Abstract ▼ Collective

► Verbal Nouns • Gerunds are verbal nouns formed by attaching an -ing to a verb Example: attending, claiming and supporting • Include nouns that relate to verbs in another way • The noun can be formed by adding other types of suffixes to a verb like -ation or -ment. These are not gerunds. Ex: Verification, attachment

Other verbal nouns don't have any suffices but have the same spelling as the verb. It is the context that makes the distinction

► Noun number • can be singular or plural. Most English words add an -s or -es to form the plural but there are many exceptions. Ex: tickets, outlets, venues, event

Some nouns don't change to form the plural Ex: aircraft, spacecraft, sheep

Irregular nouns completely change their plural form Ex man - men, penny - pence, child - children

Nouns can be countable or uncountable. Uncountable nouns have no plural form Ex: music art advice information news money

***** Articles • Part of speech that is always used with a noun • Used to specify the application of particular noun • There are only three in the English language ▼ Indefinite articles ( a / an ) ▼ Definite articles ( the )

If we mention any of the items (it doesn't matter which one is) [a/an] Ex: a chair, a bird, an apple, a person

If we mention specific items (we distinguish it/them from others) [The] Ex: The girl, The dogs, The weather

If we mention general items (we make generalizations) [No Articles] Ex: Love, Human, Football, Manila

Grammar Focus : Prepositions and Verbs

***** Verbs • Express when something happens or that something is continuing or finish • Help people makes sense of other parts of a sentence or clause describe an action a state an event ort a chang

Example ▼ to work to discuss to try [ACTIONS] ▼ to be to have to seem [STATE] ▼ to happen to occur to result in [EVENT] ▼ to be come to grow to dissolve [CHANGE]

Verb Tenses • Present - states that the action is going on current or that it is true now or at any time Ex: I [PROCESS] ticket bookings on a daily basis

• Past - the action happened in the past and is now finish Ex: I [PROCESSED] the order yesterday, but the customer got an email yesterday saying that was unsuccessful.

• Future - the action that hasn't happened yet and will start sometime in the future • Present continuous - is in the present and it is continuing • Past continuous - the action occurred sometime in the past • Future Continuous - this will occur in the future and continue for an expected length of time

***** Prepositions • Are words that show the relation between a noun or a pronoun and some other words or element in the rest of the sentence

Ex: on, above, over, in front of, beside, behind, under

Basic preposition • At [POINT] • On [SURFACE] • In [VOLUME]

Nature of Places : Preposition

• At - Specific places Ex: at the entrance of the motel, at the New Years

• On - Surface of things Ex: on edsa, on an island, on Abbey road

• in - Places having some physical or virtual boundary Ex: in concert, in the house

Nature of time : Preposition

• At - Time on the clock short and precise times Ex: at 3:30 o'clock, at the moment, at midnight

• On - A day in the week, dates, holiday Ex: on sunday, on September 27.2018

• In - Months or years Ex: in march, in 2005

	▼ IN - Particular time of day or a month or a year a century of specific time in the past or future

Ex: in the evening, in the 2nd of the week

Other prepositions into the, out of the, around the, on to the, off the, over the, away from the b, towards, past, under, through

Verb tenses • Refers to the form of a verb that indicates the time of the action, its occurrence, or the state of being expressed by the verb

○ Action: bring, read, walk, run, and learn
○ Occurrence: happen, become
○ State of being: be (is, are, was, were, being)

The 12 Verb Tenses

  1. Simple present Ex: arrive / arrives

  2. Simple past Ex: arrived

  3. Simple future Ex: will arrive

  1. Present progressive Ex: am/is/are arriving

  2. Past progressive Ex: was/were arriving

  3. Future progressive Ex: will be arriving

  1. Present perfect Ex: has have arrived

  2. Past Perfect Ex: had arrived

  3. Future perfect Ex: will have arrived

  1. Present perfect progressive Ex: has have been arriving

  2. past perfect progressive Ex: had been arriving

  3. future perfect progressive Ex: will have been arriving

The six frequently used

  1. Simple present ○ Base form of the verb + s/es

When to use it • Recurring action • General truth • Unchanging situation

Recurring action Ex: Payment for completed [TRIPS] reflect every thursday

General truth Ex: Rudolf Diesel [IS] the inventor of the diesel

► Example From : The school [held] meetings for parents and teacher monthly To: The school [hold] meetings for parents and teacher monthly Explanation : Simple present tense is used for recurring actions and general truths

► Example From : It is never [snowing] in the PH. To: It never [snows] in the PH Explanation : Simple present tense is used for recurring actions and general truths

  1. Present progressive

     	○ Linking verbs: is am are
 	○ Linking verb present tense + progressive form of the verb

When to use it • The present progressive tense describes an activity that is currently in progress

► Example From : We [discuss] the project now To: We are [discussing] the project at the moment

► Example From : Reggie [left] for new york To:Reggie is [leaving] for new york

► Example From : Her husband [complains] about this health To: Her husband is [always complaining] about his health

Prep Activity : A Thought Organization Workshop

******Prep Review • Is a type of though organization technique that is used for question that require your opinion, preference, or choice

Prep uses this method:

○ P - oint What do you really want to say?

○ R - eason/s may be an opinion Why do you feel think believe that

○ E - xplain (xpound, xample, xperience) What's your proof? Support your reason

○ P - oint End with a bang go back to your point.

Active Reading and Comprehension

*****Active Reading

• Preview ○ Before we review your account details can you confirm your order number

• Annotation ○ As we go through your account details lets take a look of important information

• Ask Question ○ To better understand your needs can you please provide more information on your recent transaction

• Summarize ○ To ensure we are on the same page let me summarize the next steps we have discussed.

• Reflect ○ Now that we have resolved the issue is there anything we could done better to improve your experience we love to hear your feedback

		Retail shopping plays a vital role in our economy and daily lives it involves the purchase of goods and services from physical stores or online platforms. Retails store offer a variety of products, ranging from clothing and electronics to groceries and home decor. The rise of eCommerce has transformed the retails landscape, providing convenience and a wider selection of products . However, brick and mortar store still hold value, as they offer an in-person shopping experience and the ability to interact with products before making a purchase.

► What is retail shopping? ○ Retails shopping involves the purchase of goods and services from physical and online stores

► What are some products that retails stores offer? ○ It variety of products which it offers clothing, electronics groceries and home decor

► How has ecommerce transformed the retail landscape? ○ It provide convenience and wider selection of products

	Online retail shopping has experienced a tremendous surge in popularity in recent years. With the convenience of ecommerce platforms, consumers can now shop for a wide range of products from the comfort of their own homes. This shift in consumer behavior has significantly impacted the retail industry, offering advantages such as convenience, a wider selection of products and competitive prices. However challenges exist, including the lack of physical interaction and the inability to try products before purchasing. Despite the challenges, online retail shopping continues to reshape the way we shop and is expected to grow further.

► What has been the trend in online retail shopping? ○ Consumers can now shop for a wide range of products from the comfort of their own homes.

► What are some advantages of online retail shopping? ○ Convenience, a wider selection of products and competitive prices.

► What challenges are associated with online retail shopping? ○ Lack of physical interaction and the inability to try products before purchasing

	When shopping online for a laptop, there are several factors to consider. Start by determining your specific needs and preferences such as the intended use, desired specifications, and budget. Next, research different laptop models, read reviews and compare prices from various online retailers. Pay attention to important features like processor speed, memory, storage capacity, and display size. Finally, make an informed decision and complete your purchase from a reputable online seller that offers reliable customer support and secure payment options.

► What should you consider when shopping online for a laptop? ○ Make sure your specific needs and preferences first, keeping into consideration things like the intended use, ideal specs, and spending limit.

► What factors are important to consider when researching laptop? ○ Laptop models, read reviews and compare prices from various online retailers. Also the features of the laptop like processor speed, memory, storage capacity, and display size

► Why is it important to read reviews when shopping for a laptop online? ○ Provide specific examples of the product's performance and features. This gives readers a clear picture of the product, and helps them feel confident about their purchasing decision.

	Online retail shopping offers a convenient way to purchase smartphones. When shopping for a smartphone online, it is important to consider factors such as the operating system (IOS or Android), desired features (camera quality, storage capacity), and budget. Research different smartphone models, read customer reviews, and compare prices, from reputable online retailers. Ensure that the retailer offers secure payment options and reliable customer support. Once you have made an informed decision, proceed with your purchase and enjoy the convenience of having the smartphone delivered to your doorstep

► What factors should you consider when shopping online for a smartphone? ○ Operating system (IOS or Android), desired features (camera quality, storage capacity), and budget.

► Why is it important to research different smartphone models? ○ It give precise details of the features and capabilities of the product. This helps customers feel secure about the purchase they make by providing them with an accurate depiction of the products.

► What role do customer reviews play in online smartphone shopping? ○ It helps the other customer to further evaluate the worth of the smartphone based on the first-hand experience of other customer who shares their insights to the product.